Determining the Molecular Weight of a Volatile Liquid Essays

Determining the Molecular Weight of a Volatile Liquid Essays Determining the Molecular Weight of a Volatile Liquid Paper Determining the Molecular Weight of a Volatile Liquid Paper In todays society, many products are designed to undergo many chemical reactions before the desired product(s) is created. This principle, also known as chemical synthesis, is an integral part in the operation of products such as an automobile airbag. Beginning with the releasing of nitrogen gas to inflate the bag and ending with the production of Na2SiO3 and K2SiO3, the airbag is an excellent example of how several chemical reactions can lead to the production of a few products essential for its operation (Casiday and Frey, 1998). Other multiple-step reactions, including the synthesis of anti-cancer drugs, demonstrate the importance of this principle. However, many problems such as the percent yield can arise and proper care must be taken in order to prevent any errors from occurring. The synthesis of copper is an example chemists use to demonstrate the law of conservation of mass. This law states that the mass of the products is equal to the mass of the reactants used (University of Maine, 2001). The synthesis of copper is simply the production of copper metal through several chemical reactions. These reactions can be summed up as the Copper Cycle (University of Maine, 2001). The copper cycle is a series of five chemical reactions, not including the removal of zinc, which begins and results with copper metal (University of Maine, 2001). The products (and subsequent reactants) of the copper cycle include copper (ll) nitrate, copper (ll) hydroxide, copper (ll) oxide, copper (ll) sulphate, and copper metal (University of Maine, 2001). The production of each of these reactants is a result of the five chemical reactions, which are further explained in the procedure. During the copper cycle, several different types of chemical reactions occur. One type of chemical reaction that takes place in this cycle is known as a REDOX reaction (University of North Carolina, 1998). This reaction occurs when one element loses electrons (oxidizes), while another element gains them (reduces) (University of North Carolina, 1998). Another type of reaction is known as a single displacement reaction. This reaction occurs when one element displaces another element, creating a new compound (Westbroek, 2000). A similar reaction, a double displacement reaction, occurs when two compounds interchange elements and create two new compounds (Westbroek, 2000). The final reaction that occurs is known as a dehydration reaction. This reaction occurs when there is a loss of water from the reacting molecule (Westbroek, 2000). This can usually be caused by heating the solution. The purpose of this lab experiment was to recover as much of the initial mass of copper wire as possible after it undergoes the copper cycle. The value of the final mass of copper metal can help determine the percent yield (recovery) in comparison to the initial mass of copper. The percent yield is calculated using the following formula: (Final Mass of Copper) /(Initial Mass of Copper) * 100 = % Yield (Volland, 2005). This value will illustrate whether more copper was produced (% yield greater than 100) or consumed (% yield less than 100). In order to get the closest possible value to a 100% recovery, certain precautions must be taken. Any loss of copper due to spilling or being left behind in beakers must be avoided in order to achieve the best results. Procedure The experimental procedure used for this experiment was outlined in the CHEM 120L lab manual, under Experiment #1. All steps were followed with no changes in the procedure. For this lab, the general objective was to recover as much of the initial amount of copper after it went through the copper cycle. In the first chemical reaction, the copper wire was dissolved in nitric acid and became copper nitrate. Since this reaction was performed under a fume hood, the NO2 gas was not detected (University of Maine, 2001). This was an example of a REDOX reaction, where an element gains electrons and another element loses electrons (University of North Carolina, 1998). In this specific reaction, copper metal lost electrons (became oxidized), while nitrogen gained electrons (became reduced). During the second reaction, sodium hydroxide was added to the newly created copper nitrate and the new product formed was calcium hydroxide. Unlike the first chemical reaction, this reaction was a double displacement reaction where the two compounds were interchanged to form new compounds (Westbroek, 2000). This reaction can also be classified as a precipitation reaction, where an insoluble product results from the reaction of two or more soluble reactants (Westbroek, 2000). The newly created calcium hydroxide, which contained chunks of black precipitate, was then heated and copper (II) oxide was created. This was done by adding heat, which means that this reaction can be classified as a dehydration reaction, where there was a loss of water in the reacting molecules. Following this reaction, copper (II) oxide was filtrated and, with the addition of sulphuric acid, the solution now had an aqua blue colour. This reaction was also a double displacement reaction. Finally, zinc metal was added to the copper (II) sulphate solution, which resulted in a copper precipitate. This final reaction was classified as a single displacement reaction, where zinc metal displaced the copper and became zinc sulphate (Westbroek, 2000). Before the copper was weighed, zinc was removed by the addition of hydrochloric acid and any excess water was removed by the addition of heat. Once again, a dehydration reaction occurs because of the loss of water. In the end, more copper metal was obtained after the copper cycle then the initial mass of copper wire. As shown in the calculation of the percent recovery, the final amount of copper produced was greater than that of the initial amount of copper. As a result, the percent recovery was greater than 100% (130%). An error that accounted for this increase may have been that some of the excess water and/or zinc were not removed by heat and the hydrochloric acid, respectively. As a result, the final mass of copper recorded may have included a combination of water and/or zinc, along with the copper. Other incomplete reactions throughout the copper cycle may have also contributed to the increase in the final mass of copper metal. Questions During part 1 of this lab investigation, sodium hydroxide was added very slowly to the dissolved copper wire. The reason why the sodium hydroxide was added slowly to the solution was that if the sodium hydroxide was added to quickly, the solution would react very quickly, producing lots of heat, resulting in gas and possible spills. This is a very dangerous safety hazard, as the sodium hydroxide must be handled with lots of precaution. One of the acids used in this experiment that must have been handled with precaution was the sulphuric acid. Sulphuric acid is highly corrosive, which means that any liquid splashes could cause very severe burns (European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association, 1997). Therefore, eye and hand protection (i. e. goggles and gloves) must be worn at all times while this chemical is being handled. Proper ventilation must be given to this acid and any inhalation must be avoided (European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association, 1997). There were several terms in this experiment that must be clarified. A supernatant is a clear liquid that lies above a precipitate (Saunder, 2004). Decant, or decanting, is the process of pouring out a liquid, with the intent of leaving some of the liquid behind (Saunder, 2004). The third term, which is dissolution, is the act of going into a solution. Usually, it involves a chemical change from one form to an aqueous form (Saunder, 2004). The final term, which is bumping, occurs because liquids do not boil in an even fashion (Saunder, 2004). As a result, the bubbles do not form right away, which could cause eruptions when the bubbles actually do form (Saunder, 2004). This is why constant stirring of the solution is required in order to prevent any of these eruptions.

Security findemental (contract security guard service selection Essay - 2

Security findemental (contract security guard service selection exercise) - Essay Example arm to another person, making threatening remarks, damaging the property of other employees or employer with intent, possessing a weapon while conducting company business or within business premises. Others include hostile or aggressive behavior that creates reasonable fear of injury to other people or subject them to emotional distress, and committing acts related to, or motivated by, domestic violence or sexual harassment (Kim 169). The most vulnerable employees to the risk factors are those working in the public setting, including those working late at night or in the early morning hours, in small groups, in uncontrolled access environments open to other employees and the public, and other areas of previous concern that include the community and workplace settings (Hess 262). Any potentially dangerous situation should be reported to the human resource department or security supervisor at once. Reporting may be anonymously, with all reported incidents subject to thorough investigations. Incidents or reports that warrant confidentiality will receive the required appropriateness and information disseminated to others on a need-to-know basis only. There will be counseling on all parties involved as well as discussion of the findings of the investigation. The company shall actively intervene at the slightest indication of a possibly violent or hostile indication (IFPO 287). The most viable solution is worksite analysis, with mangers and supervisors being familiar with the temporary and permanent worksites of employees to enable sound decision-making options. The worksite analysis should enable the supervisors, managers, employees, and law enforcement to gather information concerning the potential risks or the possibility of the community’s experience in a particular criminal rash. Managers and supervisors should seek to identify employee environment that poses risks and threats, and address them specifically as risk factors. The working environment is uniquely

What Do You Write About When Writing an Essay About Happiness?

What Do You Write About When Writing an Essay About Happiness?The first question many students ask after they finish their school career is about what do you write about when writing an essay about happiness? Well, let's be honest. Most people in this day and age are not very interested in making a substantial contribution to their academic career.Well, that's just the reality. And that's why they look at the essay writing process as an amateur endeavour that will bring them little reward. And you can see that is precisely what is happening in most of the courses these days where students don't look at writing an essay as a special occasion that can enhance their career.They just sit in the lecture hall and sit there day after day - without any regard for how their writing will be interpreted by the professor. Or they submit their writing to the instructor with no idea of how it will be accepted or not. So when it comes to what do you write about when writing an essay about happiness - you have to change your attitude.Well, first of all you have to do something about it. That is the first step. It's never too late to start thinking about writing an essay about happiness.I know you have to pay the bills these days and paying the bills can only mean one thing - starting to take a realistic approach. As such, it's high time that you start reading a lot more novels, play scripts, even news on the internet about the world - everything you could think of can make a difference.Reading these things can open your eyes and give you a new perspective. And the same thing applies with the essays. Read the essay writing about happiness so that you can get an idea of what the professors expect from you.If you startby thinking about what you would like to achieve then it's easier to plan your essay in such a way that you can achieve the goal in the shortest possible time. You can also be sure that the essay writing about happiness is not a waste of time and in fact it will be appreciated by the professor and will bring you a good grade in the course.

Philippine American history Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Philippine American history - Research Paper Example Existing studies are branded as â€Å"sketchy, superficial, and flawed in their methodology as well as their assumptions. Lamenting this neglect in the literature, the Filipinos ought to be considered as â€Å"forgotten Asian Americans† that â€Å"very little significant has been considered on them† and that in this group there is â€Å"no history, no nothing†. The institutional invisibility of the Filipinos and Philippines is considered to be connected to the historical amnesia as well as the self-erasure of the United States colonization of the Philippines and associated imperialism. From a cultural perspective, the academic neglect of the Filipinos results from the erroneous assumptions on the lack of authentic indigenous culture from the Philippines. This echoes the contention considered by researchers and anthropologists ignoring the group because they are considered to be â€Å"too westernized with no culture of their own.† Thus, this suggests that the history of Filipinos ought to be well understood within the context of the colonial and postcolonial associations exis ting between the united states and the Philippines (Lee, 366). Filipino Americans started settling after the Philippines were accepted as a territory of the United Kingdom in 1898. The Filipinos arrived as labors for the domestic and agricultural plantations as well as students. By 1930, the number of the Filipinos numbered to 45,026. Since then the population has grown tremendously. In 1970, the number of Filipinos was estimated to be 336,731, and it has numbered at least seven times to 2.4 million today making up almost 1 percent of the national population in the United States (Liu et al., 233). The Filipinos population is composed of the native Japanese and Hawaii population and the Hapas, who constitute at least 22 percent of the Filipino population in America. Due to the integration of the

How Many Words For a College Essay - Put Your Best Foot Forward

How Many Words For a College Essay - Put Your Best Foot ForwardWriting a college essay is an important step in your education and career planning, so you need to prepare yourself with the right writing method. It can be done through preparation, by practice and also through professional help.Whether you are studying for a high school or college, preparing for a college essay is one of the most important skills that you need to develop. It will help you save time when it comes to getting the right degree. There are other skills that you need to develop such as spelling, punctuation, grammar and organization.As mentioned, grammar is one of the basic composition skill that you need to develop. It is very important to know what is right and what is wrong in order to become a professional writer. This includes learning the correct usage of the English language and correct punctuation.Writing a college essay is also about organization. You will find that there are certain key points that y ou need to include in your essay and these are the topic, the points, the introduction, conclusion and the body. If you have questions, you can find the answers in the section of the paper that explains what your conclusion will be.Good essay writers are able to convey the essence of the research easily and effectively. However, this can be complicated if the essay requires the usage of words and its proper use and construction.The best thing to do in order to ensure that you write a good essay is to ask for professional help. It can be done at the beginning of your college or high school studies. A good writing coach can help you in finding the best ways to use and to plan the structure of your college essay.With all the tips above, you can easily learn how to write a good college essay. It is important to choose the right format and type of writing and learn to be organized.

The Idiots Manual to National Government Research Paper Topics Explained

The Idiot's Manual to National Government Research Paper Topics Explained This isn't a just-an-essay-to-make because you're referring to a government issue. Nobody has ever known as the structure of American government simple! Do not talk about the presidential election approach. Comparison and analysis of both key parties in the usa government. Get the Scoop on National Government Research Paper Topics Before You're Too Late The argument in the persuasive essay has to be sound in reasoning and offer strong evidence to back up the writer's position on the subject. Before you commence writing a single word of your paper, you first will need to understand what your thesis will be. This is a question related to your topic that serves as a guide during your research, permitting you to focus and offer unique arguments. It's important that you know the several nuances of a topic if you would like to raise proper arguments and find decent support in their opinion. As soon as you share the directions, professional writers are prepared to get down to work asap. A Secret Weapon for National Government Research Paper Topics It should sum up the primary views expressed and permit the reader form the last impression of the specific text. However, to have a high score for your work, you must make your topic interesting. The topic needs to be relevant to the class work. A good deal of foreigners are always asking why can we have a good deal of good singers. While you have little time and the sum of pages, it's crucial not to bite more than you can chew. The ideal thing about our writing service is you can offer a whole description and get it written exactly the direction you require it. Although it is but one of the things which are needed by men and women, it's not readily reasonably priced. With everyone complaining about unemployment, the government has created an effort to attempt to lower this. These are a few areas that the government is controlling. You might need to write something about a specific program or law in connection to the assistance that the government provides. Choose a specific event in the specific country in a given time and study it thoroughly. The outcome is a sort of asymmetrical partnership of the middle and the regional communities. This can seem like an impossible feat if you're handling the well-worn subject matter, especially in a discipline like history wherever your topic may well have occurred hundreds of years back. If you're writing about social problems, you will typically be writing about the way the topic affects larger groups of people, like how poverty affects a whole generation. Education has turned into a necessity in the world that we live in. As a historian you should interrogate your sources and ask the essential questions. What follows is an extensive collection of the most fascinating research topics to have you started. The writer ought to choose a topic that could be shown in a great debate competition. It is an impossible task to compose an abstract research paper since this kind of article always touches on a particular topic and supplies a true search for optimal methods of solving a specific issue. However, a great topic isn't sufficient to compose a paper of top quality. A paper is always simpler to write if you're interested in the subject, and you will be more motivated to do in-depth research and compose a paper that truly covers the full subject. To write a great research proposal on local government, it would be helpful to get familiar with free examples research paper topics on the discipline. As soon as you have that narrowed down, you can concentrate your research and compose a remarkable paper. Select the topic that you locate the most fascinating and conduct some preliminary research to come up with your thesis and your outline. Details of National Government Research Paper T opics Whether they go together with the standard human rights, it's for you to investigate. The effect of climbing the funds reduces the cumulative impacts of the financial loan. Researching any issue about government or laws can get overwhelming because of the intricacy of the issues and even due to the wording of some laws. Pick one particular thing about the U.S. Constitution including its amendments that you believe ought to be changed.

A Simple Trick for Write about Your Experience Writing Your First Essay Revealed

A Simple Trick for Write about Your Experience Writing Your First Essay Revealed Work experience is just one of the main qualities of the applicant in the labor industry. Kindergarten was a totally new experience for me due to the change in the surroundings. It is also crucial for students as soon as it comes to English Language examinations. Likewise lots of students feel as they must write about a big life event or their most impressive achievement. The Death of Write about Your Experience Writing Your First Essay The next thing to do is to go through your suggestions and determine which one is going to result in the strongest essay. You will remember to go over any critical points in your essay in case you have a program. For the very first part, you will always be requested to compose an essay, as it's the sole option provided. There aren't many techniques to learn to compose a very first class essay. Rather than various kinds of papers you might have written in years past a reflective essay isn't based on certainties or examinations. Essays are generally short pieces written from an author's individual viewpoint about a subject. A reflective essay is a sort of paper in which you're expected to learn more about the material that you read or visualized. Let's go through the vital actions which will help you turn an outstanding topic into an important essay. A personal essay may be even referred to as a life experience essay and can be challenging to write for many students. You're not writing an actual travel essay if you are not describing, as clearly and honestly as possible, yourself in the area you visited. The Pain of Write about Your Experience Writing Your First Essay After that, examine the essay again, line by line, checking every word to ensure that it's accurate. No matter the content, it's probably short and vague. Fortunately, you can learn how to craft an amazing essay if it is possible to follow the normal pattern and write in a very clear and organized way. Next, you will determine the way to make an intriguing essay that shows off your distinctive perspective and write several drafts to be able to hone your structure and language. Divide your essay into paragraphs to ensure it is clear and simple to read. Your essay has to be free from errors like spelling mistakes and wrong grammar. TheA introduction ofA it needs to let the reader know theA nature of what you will be describing and your point of view. Persuasive or argumentative essays are intended to convince the audience of ones viewpoint about a specific topic. A Startling Fact about Write about Your Experience Writing Your First Essay Uncovered It's very clear that in order to get the sort of excellent assistance that can help you study and create the grade, you desire a top-notch customized paper writing service. Our custom writing company gives unique custom written papers at affordable prices. Check whether the business offers writing narrative essays and determine the price per page. Frequently the application will subsequently visit a third personif there isn't any decision that's agreed uponand it will visit the committee. Always make a brief plan before you commence writing. Click the purchase button and soon you'll have a personal writer and you will observe first-hand how much quicker your work can be accomplished. Think about the experience that was the most challenging or monumental. Before you create a research about ways to compose a very first class essay, you should remember that the ideas have to be shown in clear and very reasonable way. When you plan your essay and jot down the points you're likely to talk about in your draft, you are going to have lot of points to discuss. The very first impression not only comprises the method of dressing, but in addition the way an individual speaks and carries himself. If you decide to speak about someone or work that inspired you, make certain that you don't only write about said person or workplace. If someone, as an example, is in their very own world and doesn't initiate a conversation and doesn't smile in a party where it's required to ming le, it might be because maybe the man or woman isn't well enough or have a critical trouble in the family.